ABSTRACT
Cinnamomum zeylanicum has strong antioxidant properties and has been presented to have nephroprotective effects. Present work was aimed to study the nephroprotective property of the plant extract through urinary enzymes excretion, to confirm its protective effects and to observe the antibacterial activities of gentamicin in combination with the plant extract. 200mg/kg/day of the plant extracts were administered alone and as co-therapy with gentamicin. Urinary lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] and Urinary alkaline phospatase [ALP] excretions were observed through reagents kits with the help of Power-Lab 300. Antibacterial activities were assessed for gentamicin alone and in combination with the extract. Present study showed that the plant extract have excess quantity of flavonoids, which may responsible for attenuating the excessive excretion of urinary LDH. However, Urinary ALP excretion was found remained same throughout the study period in all experimental groups; might be detected in acute damage. Further, the plant also proved to have no decreasing impact on the antibacterial activities of gentamicin
Subject(s)
Animals, Laboratory , Cinnamomum zeylanicum , Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology , Gentamicins/pharmacology , Kidney Function Tests , Drug Therapy, Combination , RabbitsABSTRACT
Objective To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients. Methods Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were traced in the cross-sectional study. Different clinical, radiological and bacteriological were performed to rule out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB. Results Between January 2012 and December 2012, a total of 200 index MDR-TB patients were initiated on MDR-TB treatment, out of which home visit and contacts screening were conducted for 154 index cases. Of 610 contacts who could be studied, 41 (17.4%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 10 (4.2%) had TB. The most common symptoms observed were cough, chest pain and fever. Conclusions The high incidence of MDR-TB among close contacts emphasize the need for effective contact screening programme of index MDR-TB cases in order to cut the chain of transmission of this disease.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE@#To assess the profile of TB/multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) among household contacts of MDR-TB patients.@*METHODS@#Close contacts of MDR-TB patients were traced in the cross-sectional study. Different clinical, radiological and bacteriological were performed to rule out the evidence of TB/MDR-TB.@*RESULTS@#Between January 2012 and December 2012, a total of 200 index MDR-TB patients were initiated on MDR-TB treatment, out of which home visit and contacts screening were conducted for 154 index cases. Of 610 contacts who could be studied, 41 (17.4%) were diagnosed with MDR-TB and 10 (4.2%) had TB. The most common symptoms observed were cough, chest pain and fever.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The high incidence of MDR-TB among close contacts emphasize the need for effective contact screening programme of index MDR-TB cases in order to cut the chain of transmission of this disease.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the knowledge of clinicians and their opinion about legalization, obstacles in practicing euthanasia and factors that may compel them to practice euthanasia
Methodology: a questionnaire based descriptive study was conducted at public and private hospitals of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A questionnaire was distributed randomly to 540 doctors of different specialties and general practitioners. Questions were related to their knowledge, views about legalization, factors and obstacles in practicing euthanasia. The questionnaire was collected from the doctors who filled the form and consented to participate in the study
Results: the response rate was 55%, among them 79% were males. Only 61% [185] knew the meaning of euthanasia, whereas 36% [109] knew about its guidelines and 2% [6] had no knowledge of euthanasia. Amongst clinicians who knew about euthanasia, 84% did not and 16% agreed with its legalization. Reasons mentioned for disagreement with its legalization were religion 95%, moral 61%, ethical 44%, emotional 41% and social 37%. Of those clinicians who agreed with its legalization, 90% would and 10% would not practice it on their patients. Out of them 40% would adopt no resuscitation method, 40% would administer lethal drugs and 20% would withhold or withdraw the treatment
Conclusion: majority of responding clinicians were not aware of euthanasia and any related guidelines. They disagreed with the practice as well as legalization of euthanasia
ABSTRACT
Citrus aurantium is traditionally used in various kidney problems like burning of urine, urinary hesitancy and renal colic. The main objective of the present work was to evaluate the protective role of Citrus aurantium against gentamicin induced renal damage, due to its free radical scavenging properties to present experimental facts for their traditional use. 200 mg/kg/day of ethanolic extract of the plant employed in combination with the toxic doses of gentamicin for twenty-one days. The group GC-au [animals treated with co-administration of Citrus aurantium and gentamicin] protected renal damage expected with gentamicin, assessed by known functional and morphological parameters, significantly different from group G [animals treated with gentamicin]. All the renal functioning parameters including; Blood urea nitrogen, Serum creatinine, Serum uric acid, Creatinine clearance, Serum electrolytes, Body weight, Urinary volume, Enzyme excretions, Urinary protein excretions and histological examination was performed for each and every group animals. The plant extract proved to have nephroprotective potentials may because of its known flavonoid contents and antioxidant properties.
Subject(s)
Animals , Kidney/drug effects , Gentamicins , Ethanol , Plant Extracts , RabbitsABSTRACT
To evaluate various types of lung malignancies diagnosed through bronchoscopy, and their presentations. This descriptive study was based in a tertiary care chest facility in Peshawar. Duration of the study was from June 2005 - June 2009. The material was obtained from the bronchoscopy record in the chest clinic. All the patients bronchoscoped from June 2005 - June 2009 were studied for their outcome. This study included 425 patients, 306 [72%] were males and 235 [55.3%] of patients were between 31-60 years age. Ninety two [21.6%] patients were diagnosed with lung cancer; of which 73 [79.5%] patients were males and 19 [20.5%] were females. Sixty five [70.7%] of the 92 patients initially presented with shadow on the Chest radiograph, 9 [9.80%] patients had superior vena caval obstruction, 8 [8.70%] patients presented with lung collapse, 6 [6.52%] with haemoptysis, and 4 [4.35%] patients with hoarseness of voice. Forty three [46.7%] patients were diagnosed with squamous cell carcinoma, 29 [31.5%] with adenocarcinoma, 17 [18.5%] with small cell type carcinoma and 3 [3.30%] patients had large cell type carcinoma. Fifty four [58.7%] patients of the 92 were smokers or had a history of smoking, Anthracosis was found in 45 [10.6%] patients out of all the 425 patients. Commonest type of lung cancer in this study was squamous cell [46.7%] followed by adenocarcinoma [31.5%] and small cell carcinoma [18.5%]. Squamous cell carcinoma was strongly associated with cigerrete smoking as compared to adenocarcinoma in this study
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To confirm the safety and efficacy of the product for human health due to its wide use and to explore its effects on CNS. Experimental and observational. This study was conducted at Frontier medical college Abbottabad Pakistan in March 2011. Thirty rabbits divided into five groups were administered Qurs saffron at the dose of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg, Caffeine 100mg/kg orally and the last group was taken as control group, received normosaline. The animals were observed for behavioral changes at 30 min intervals. At 50mg/kg of the drug were found to have mild stimulant activity, while 100mg/kg were found to have a moderate CNS stimulant properties same like caffeine at a dose of 50mg/kg. While at a dose of 200mg/kg_Qurs saffron were found to have a strong stimulant properties. From the current study it can be concluded that the product have dose dependent CNS stimulant effects
ABSTRACT
To evaluate the efficiency of TB diagnostic centers of teaching Hospitals of Peshawar against the set target of treatment success rate of 85% in the teaching hospitals of Peshawar. This descriptive study on data analysis was carried out in National TB Programme [NTP] Centers in major teaching hospitals of Peshawar, NWFP. The patients included in this study were registered from 01/01/07 to 31/12/07. National TB Program [NTP] registers from the three teaching hospitals i.e. Lady Reading Hospital, Khyber Teaching Hospital, and Hayatabad Medical Complex, were studied. All the patients registered in year 2007 were studied for their outcome. The study included 306 patients. Male were 153 [50%] and 153 [50%] females. 191 [62.4%] patients were below 30 years of age, 87 [28.4] patients were between the ages of 31-60 years of age and 28 [9.2%] patients were above the age of 61 years. 149 [48.7%] patients had pulmonary tuberculosis, whereas 157 [51.3%] patients extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Among the Pulmonary tuberculosis patients 101 [67.8%] were smear positive, while 38 [25.5%] patients were smear negative. Out of these 306 patients, 294 [96.1%] patients were new cases and 12 [3.92%] patients were relapses. All registered patients included in the study were followed for 8 months at monthly intervals. 110 [35.9%] patients were cured, 194 [63.4%] patients completed their treatments. Only in 1 patient treatment failed, 1 died, while none of the patients defaulted. The treatment success rate was 99.4%.The performance of TB Control Programme at three teaching hospitals of Peshawar in year 2007 was excellent, showing treatment success rate of 99.4% which is way above the target set by W.H.O. of 85%